DVD CAPTIONS SCRIPT

// ECHO OF THE FUTURE: A TALE OF SUNNYVALE
// 408.223.2666
// 19-Apr-2008
// fully tested
// rev BesseyCaptions-LANGUAGE-1



// SPEAKING TALENT:
// AL = Al Hart = Eugene T. Sawyers text reading
// ALLEN = Allen Brown = Voiceover
// ANN = Ann Zarko = Interview
// BEN = Ben Koning = Incidental
// CHIYO = Chiyo Winters = Interview
// CRAIG = Craig Burnett = Joseph D. Cappa character reading
// JACK = Jack Rowe = Interview
// JOHAN = Johan Koning, Sr. = Incidental
// JUNE = June Oxford = Incidental
// MIKE = Michael S. Malone = Introduction
// PETE = Pete Zarko = Audio interview
// PETER = Peter Ebbing = Bank Of Italy Officer #2 character actor
// PJ = P. J. Stoppleworth = Early Sunnyvale Poultry Worker character reading
// RIC = Ric Forrester = Bank Of Italy Officer #1, Tom Lambert character actor
// TONY = Tony Maciejowski = Arthur E. Bessey, Murphy Party character actor

// NONSPEAKING TALENT:
// Monte Benaresh = Radio Shop employee character actor
// Thomas Buck = Radio Shop employee character actor
// James Burkhardt = Young Arthur E. Bessey character actor
// Francine Goebel = Murphy Party character actor
// Elisabeth Koning = Murphy Party character actor
// Dave Lyons = Voltaic Pile, iPhone, Radio Power Up character actor
// Mallika Padmanabhan = iPod Girl character actor

$FontName = Futura
$FontSize = 28
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$VertAlign = bottom
$HorizAlign = center

// CHAPTER = It's Been My Privilege = 1 = 00:00:00;00

// MIKE:

00:00:02;27 , 00:00:04;20 ,Hi, I'm Mike Malone.

00:00:04;20 , 00:00:09;05 ,For 30 years now as a journalist|it's been my privilege to cover Silicon Valley.

00:00:09;05 , 00:00:11;27 ,Now we often celebrate the great successes.

00:00:11;27 , 00:00:15;08 ,Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Apple and Google.

00:00:15;08 , 00:00:18;11 ,But it may be the stories|of the thousands of failures,

00:00:18;11 , 00:00:21;26 ,the companies that didn't make it,|that have the most to teach us

00:00:21;26 , 00:00:25;06 ,about what makes Silicon Valley|so remarkable.

00:00:25;06 , 00:00:29;06 ,And there is no story more|interesting, and yet less told,

00:00:29;06 , 00:00:32;19 ,than that of Bessey's|Radio Shop in Sunnyvale.

00:00:32;19 , 00:00:37;00 ,It may in fact be Silicon|Valley's very first startup company.

00:00:37;00 , 00:00:39;26 ,Twenty years before|Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard

00:00:39;26 , 00:00:42;06 ,moved into their Palo Alto garage.

00:00:42;06 , 00:00:45;09 ,It's a story that has|only recently been uncovered

00:00:45;09 , 00:00:48;15 ,as my hometown has|rediscovered its own past.

00:00:48;15 , 00:00:49;17 ,So stick around.

00:00:49;17 , 00:00:52;07 ,I think you're going to find this|very interesting.

// OPENING CREDITS

// CHAPTER = You Have Visitors! = 2 = 00:02:39;29

// PETER:

00:03:12;10 , 00:03:15;00 ,Well it's going to still be a shock to him.

// RIC:

00:03:15;01 , 00:03:19;01 ,Well, of course, he's worked so hard|and it's hard to admit failure.

00:03:19;01 , 00:03:22;15 ,But sometimes, that's just the way life is.

// PETER:

00:03:22;16 , 00:03:25;00 ,I've gone through a number of those, uh ...

// RIC:

00:03:25;00 , 00:03:29;06 ,Well, it's one of those days,|that you never look forward to ...

00:03:29;06 , 00:03:33;13 ,Hopefully this will be short, sweet,|and we can move on.

// PETER:

00:03:33;13 , 00:03:36;11 ,I certainly hope so.

// RIC:

00:03:36;12 , 00:03:37;15 ,Mr. Bessey!

00:03:37;15 , 00:03:41;19 ,^IYou have visitors!^I

00:03:41;19 , 00:03:42;06 ,Let's do this.

// PETER:

00:03:42;06 , 00:03:43;23 ,Open it up.

00:03:46;23 , 00:03:49;05 ,Mr. Bessey?

00:03:49;05 , 00:03:50;26 ,Bessey?

// TONY:

00:03:54;06 , 00:03:56;10 ,^IYeah, yeah ...^I

// PETER, TONY:

00:03:56;10 , 00:03:58;26 ,Mr. Bessey.|^II can't get this local oscillator to track.^I

// PETER:

00:03:58;26 , 00:04:00;21 ,Mr. Bessey.

// TONY:

00:04:00;21 , 00:04:02;26 ,Yes?

// RIC:

00:04:04;17 , 00:04:08;24 ,Bear with me, sir.|Are you Arthur E. Bessey?

// TONY:

00:04:08;24 , 00:04:09;24 ,Yes I am.

// RIC:

00:04:09;24 , 00:04:11;15 ,And this is the Radio Shop?

// TONY:

00:04:11;15 , 00:04:12;26 ,Yes it is.

// RIC:

00:04:12;26 , 00:04:15;27 ,I want you to listen to me very carefully.

00:04:15;27 , 00:04:19;01 ,I have many important investors| to answer to.

00:04:19;01 , 00:04:20;17 ,And bankers.

00:04:20;17 , 00:04:23;05 ,And the board of directors.

00:04:23;05 , 00:04:27;10 ,Unfortunately, sir, you have failed|to meet their expectations.

00:04:27;10 , 00:04:28;21 ,So at this time,

00:04:28;21 , 00:04:32;00 ,it is necessary|that we foreclose upon you,

00:04:32;00 , 00:04:34;07 ,and you must cease operations.

00:04:34;07 , 00:04:36;29 ,Please look at these papers.

00:04:36;29 , 00:04:41;15 ,I want you to read them.|I want you to understand them.

00:04:41;15 , 00:04:43;17 ,And then sign them.

00:04:43;17 , 00:04:46;16 ,And cease operations here!

00:04:46;16 , 00:04:48;01 ,Do you understand me?

// TONY:

00:04:48;01 , 00:04:49;17 ,Yes I do.

// RIC:

00:04:49;17 , 00:04:51;16 ,Good.

// CHAPTER = East Coast, West Coast = 3 = 00:05:00;08

// ALLEN:

00:05:06;19 , 00:05:09;04 ,Sunnyvale, California.

00:05:09;04 , 00:05:14;25 ,The very "Heart of Silicon Valley".

00:05:14;25 , 00:05:22;08 ,A powerhouse of research, talent, and|raw guts like nowhere else in the world.

00:05:23;20 , 00:05:25;28 ,Its list of technological achievements

00:05:25;28 , 00:05:33;06 ,is as long as the 101 freeway|that runs through its industrial core.

00:05:33;06 , 00:05:35;14 ,Biotechnology.

00:05:35;14 , 00:05:37;24 ,Internet infrastructure.

00:05:37;24 , 00:05:41;29 ,The birth of video games.

00:05:41;29 , 00:05:46;18 ,The invention of the personal computer.

00:05:46;18 , 00:05:49;29 ,The brains of the Space Shuttle.

00:05:49;29 , 00:05:53;00 ,Top-secret cold-war research.

00:05:56;16 , 00:05:59;00 ,The city's adventures in high technology

00:05:59;00 , 00:06:05;00 ,are normally assumed to have|started no earlier than the 1950s.

00:06:07;04 , 00:06:10;14 ,But buried in this little museum,|lay evidence,

00:06:10;14 , 00:06:13;28 ,that even in the first decades|of the 20th century,

00:06:13;28 , 00:06:20;15 ,the pleasant little orchard town was|already well on its way to electronic fame.

00:06:28;15 , 00:06:30;18 ,Electricity is a discovery

00:06:30;18 , 00:06:34;18 ,as important as fire and the wheel.

00:06:34;18 , 00:06:38;07 ,But it would not lead|to the miracle of electronics

00:06:38;07 , 00:06:42;23 ,until the race began|to perfect just one thing:

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00:06:44;29 , 00:06:49;15 ,The radio.

00:06:58;20 , 00:07:01;24 ,All pioneering radio work|is usually assumed to have

00:07:01;24 , 00:07:08;00 ,taken place|in the Eastern United States.

00:07:11;13 , 00:07:16;16 ,But in 1909, Charles Herrold,|using an arc transmitter of his own design,

00:07:16;16 , 00:07:21;25 ,began regular broadcasts from San Jose.

00:07:21;25 , 00:07:24;25 ,And in 1913, Lee DeForest joined the

00:07:24;25 , 00:07:29;22 ,Palo Alto - based Federal Telegraph|Company to perfect the vacuum tube.

00:07:38;27 , 00:07:41;16 ,The late Jack Rowe was a retired engineer

00:07:41;16 , 00:07:43;16 ,and licensed radio amateur

00:07:43;16 , 00:07:48;04 ,who had lived in Sunnyvale since 1960.

00:07:48;04 , 00:07:50;19 ,As a manager of many projects|supporting the city's

00:07:50;19 , 00:07:53;09 ,top-secret Onizuka Air Force Station,

00:07:53;09 , 00:07:56;13 ,he made electronics his life's work.

00:07:58;27 , 00:08:01;02 ,Aware of DeForest and Herrold,

00:08:01;02 , 00:08:06;15 ,Jack discovered another|Silicon Valley radio connection.

// JACK:

00:08:07;10 , 00:08:12;02 ,I was helping at the electronic|museum at Foothill College years ago

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00:08:12;02 , 00:08:16;25 ,when they were being evicted|by the school board.

00:08:16;25 , 00:08:20;27 ,And while we were packing things|I noticed they had a radio in their

00:08:20;27 , 00:08:24;29 ,warehouse area, that said|it was made in Sunnyvale,

00:08:24;29 , 00:08:29;18 ,at The Radio Shop, which I|had never heard of at that time.

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00:08:29;18 , 00:08:34;22 ,And then later I had an opportunity|to go to the Sunnyvale little museum,

00:08:34;22 , 00:08:37;19 ,and there they had a picture of a building

00:08:37;19 , 00:08:40;16 ,where the Radio Shop --|radios had been built

00:08:40;16 , 00:08:43;06 ,back in early times.

// CHAPTER = The Only Photograph = 00:08:42;28

// ALLEN:

00:08:46;06 , 00:08:48;26 ,Twenty-five years before the Varian brothers

00:08:48;26 , 00:08:51;23 ,and Hewlett-Packard would launch|the Silicon Valley --

00:08:51;23 , 00:08:58;02 ,it had already hosted a mass producer|of consumer electronics.

00:09:03;01 , 00:09:06;19 ,This is the only known photograph of|The Radio Shop

00:09:06;19 , 00:09:12;15 ,that once stood at|229 North Sunnyvale Avenue.

00:09:17;10 , 00:09:20;19 ,When Jack started asking|about the picture's origin,

00:09:20;19 , 00:09:24;01 ,no one knew anything about it.

00:09:24;01 , 00:09:28;00 ,So he started doing his own research.

00:09:31;19 , 00:09:34;16 ,Beyond the local library and the Internet,

00:09:34;16 , 00:09:41;15 ,his search took him to the archives|of Sunnyvale's Historical Society.

00:09:42;29 , 00:09:47;28 ,But finding The Radio Shop|would not be easy.

00:09:52;20 , 00:09:58;18 ,The City of Sunnyvale is located|40 miles south of San Francisco.

00:09:59;13 , 00:10:04;29 ,The land is among the most|fertile on the planet.

00:10:04;29 , 00:10:11;22 ,Its climate makes it one of the|most desirable homes in the world.

00:10:18;09 , 00:10:21;23 ,Spanish missionaries|arriving in the mid-1800's

00:10:21;23 , 00:10:25;15 ,encountered the Native American|Ohlone Tribe, whom they called

00:10:25;15 , 00:10:30;15 ,^Icosteños^I -- people of the coast.

00:10:31;21 , 00:10:35;21 ,The first successful wagon crossing|of the Sierra Nevada Mountains

00:10:35;21 , 00:10:39;15 ,was led by Elisha Stephens.

00:10:39;15 , 00:10:43;15 ,It brought the Murphy family into California.

00:10:50;01 , 00:10:56;26 ,They made their home at the|southern tip of the San Francisco Bay.

00:10:56;26 , 00:11:01;09 ,Efficient farming machinery and extensive|land holdings made the Murphys

00:11:01;09 , 00:11:03;15 ,one of the richest families in the world.

00:11:07;08 , 00:11:11;05 ,But the Great Depression and|increasing regulatory complexities

00:11:11;05 , 00:11:17;12 ,compelled later generations|to sell off their land.

00:11:17;12 , 00:11:25;05 ,The most eager buyer was Walter E.|Crossman. And he was a maverick.

00:11:25;05 , 00:11:30;12 ,Ahead of his time, he was a developer,|as we now know the term.

00:11:30;12 , 00:11:36;03 ,Obtaining large lots and sub-dividing|them into many individual homes.

// CHIYO:

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00:11:37;03 , 00:11:39;29 ,Crossman invited people to come|here to live among the orchards.

00:11:39;29 , 00:11:41;21 ,And they came because the work was here!

00:11:41;21 , 00:11:43;09 ,Because we had two canneries --

00:11:43;09 , 00:11:46;01 ,We had the Sunnyvale Cannery|which later became Shuckl,

00:11:46;01 , 00:11:47;01 ,Shuckl's Cannery.

00:11:47;01 , 00:11:51;14 ,And we had Libby's, which came in 1906

00:11:51;14 , 00:11:53;15 ,to take advantage of the fruit that was here.

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// CHAPTER = Entrepreneurs From Canada = 5 = 00:13:02;04

00:11:58;00 , 00:12:02;04 ,January 25th, 1898.

00:12:02;04 , 00:12:09;24 ,Crossman sketches this pencil drawing|which will forever define the town's layout.

00:12:09;24 , 00:12:15;25 ,His vision is nothing less than|to bootstrap an entire city from scratch.

00:12:19;05 , 00:12:27;14 ,In 1906, Crossman buys additional|land from Mary Ann Murphy Carroll.

00:12:27;14 , 00:12:31;10 ,One small piece of it is a 5-acre|lot that he sells to a lady

00:12:31;10 , 00:12:35;04 ,named Ada E. Bessey.

00:12:39;00 , 00:12:44;00 ,Ada's husband, Albert W. Bessey,|owns the Jubilee Incubator Company

00:12:44;00 , 00:12:51;17 ,near the San Jose - San Francisco|railway line.

00:12:51;17 , 00:12:55;18 ,It is here, where the region's|first commercial venture in the field

00:12:55;18 , 00:13:00;15 ,of consumer electronics will be born.

00:13:04;28 , 00:13:11;00 ,Albert W. Bessey was born in Canada.

00:13:11;00 , 00:13:15;18 ,He patented a chicken incubator design|that ensured consistent results

00:13:15;18 , 00:13:21;23 ,with greatly reduced risk of fire.

// JACK:

00:13:21;23 , 00:13:27;16 ,It was a safer and more controllable method|of keeping the chicks and the eggs,

00:13:27;16 , 00:13:31;02 ,depending on which half|of the project you were on,

00:13:31;02 , 00:13:34;09 ,from being damaged by|runaway heat or fires.

00:13:34;09 , 00:13:35;22 ,It was a hot water process,

00:13:35;22 , 00:13:40;18 ,versus others that were|things just like kerosine heaters.

// ALLEN:

00:13:46;17 , 00:13:52;09 ,Bessey's self-regulating poultry incubators|were in demand the world over.

// PJ:

00:13:54;11 , 00:13:58;08 ,I know there's money in the poultry business.

00:13:58;08 , 00:13:59;25 ,Because I've put a lot of it in,

00:13:59;25 , 00:14:03;06 ,and I haven't seen any|come out as of yet!

00:14:03;06 , 00:14:07;07 ,Joe, early Sunnyvale poultry worker.

// AL:

00:14:07;07 , 00:14:09;11 ,The Jubilee Incubator|and the Jubilee Brooder

00:14:09;11 , 00:14:12;08 ,have been made famous|because of their hot water system.

00:14:12;08 , 00:14:15;09 ,And they are not only|shipped in every state in the union,

00:14:15;09 , 00:14:18;16 ,but Australia, New Zealand,|Japan, Africa, China,

00:14:18;16 , 00:14:22;04 ,and other foreign countries|have also ordered liberally.

00:14:22;04 , 00:14:27;29 ,Eugene T. Sawyers,|History of Santa Clara County, 1922.

// ALLEN:

00:14:32;02 , 00:14:34;18 ,Albert had a son:

00:14:34;18 , 00:14:37;11 ,Arthur E. Bessey.

00:14:37;11 , 00:14:42;17 ,He was known to friends|and family as Art.

00:14:42;17 , 00:14:45;12 ,Art was born in St. Catharines, Ontario,

00:14:45;12 , 00:14:49;08 ,and was 6 years old|when the family moved to California,

00:14:49;08 , 00:14:54;15 ,soon to settle in Sunnyvale.

00:14:54;15 , 00:14:58;02 ,The junior Bessey came of age|to help in the family business

00:14:58;02 , 00:15:04;03 ,and eventually joined the city's political elite.

00:15:04;03 , 00:15:05;27 ,He served as the first West Coast

00:15:05;27 , 00:15:10;28 ,director of the|American Radio Relay League.

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00:15:11;15 , 00:15:14;02 ,This organization was enormously influential

00:15:14;02 , 00:15:19;07 ,in the early years of American broadcasting.

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00:15:19;24 , 00:15:24;21 ,Then, in 1920, Arthur E. Bessey|went into business as:

00:15:24;21 , 00:15:27;24 ,The Radio Shop.

00:15:27;24 , 00:15:33;06 ,His partner was a man named Tom Lambert.

// JACK:

00:15:33;06 , 00:15:38;09 ,There was a Tom Lambert that was working|with Bessey and I have not found proof

00:15:38;09 , 00:15:43;06 ,of what his role was, but it's believed|he was probably an engineer

00:15:43;06 , 00:15:45;03 ,and a technical specialist

00:15:45;03 , 00:15:46;17 ,as was Bessey,

00:15:46;17 , 00:15:51;18 ,but Bessey was probably more involved|with marketing and business matters.

// ALLEN:

00:15:53;13 , 00:15:58;14 ,The Radio Shop was the first end-user|electronics firm in what would be known

00:15:58;14 , 00:16:02;05 ,as Silicon Valley 50 years later.

00:16:08;07 , 00:16:13;13 ,There is little doubt that the incubator|business provided the startup money.

00:16:13;13 , 00:16:16;11 ,That makes Bessey, Sr. the area's first

00:16:16;11 , 00:16:20;24 ,homegrown, high-tech venture capitalist.

00:16:23;14 , 00:16:25;29 ,And this was their product.

00:16:28;19 , 00:16:35;17 ,A gateway to the mysterious new magic|of wireless news and entertainment.

00:16:46;10 , 00:16:51;09 ,It was excellent at|pulling in far-away stations.

00:16:51;09 , 00:16:52;29 ,It was battery-powered,

00:16:52;29 , 00:16:58;08 ,a necessity, because home|electricity was still a rare luxury.

00:16:58;08 , 00:17:01;00 ,And it fit on a desktop.

00:17:01;00 , 00:17:05;15 ,For its time, it was downright portable.

// CHAPTER = Silicon Valley Garage = 6 = 00:17:07;05

00:17:09;00 , 00:17:12;09 ,In a Silicon Valley garage, Jack|showed us his collection

00:17:12;09 , 00:17:16;12 ,of Radio Shop sets|and explained how they worked.

// JACK:

00:17:17;16 , 00:17:21;06 ,The inside of this, the simplest radio

00:17:21;06 , 00:17:25;07 ,is just very few components,

00:17:25;07 , 00:17:28;02 ,far fewer than would be in a radio today,

00:17:28;02 , 00:17:30;11 ,but with almost the same sensitivity.

00:17:30;11 , 00:17:32;19 ,There were other disadvantages that

00:17:32;19 , 00:17:34;21 ,were inherent to the design,

00:17:34;21 , 00:17:38;10 ,but they weren't important in that era.


// ALLEN:

00:17:38;10 , 00:17:40;04 ,Compared to a modern design,

00:17:40;04 , 00:17:45;04 ,it is amazing how stripped-down|the circuitry used to be.

00:17:54;01 , 00:17:55;13 ,In the simplest radios,

00:17:55;13 , 00:17:59;26 ,we can easily see all|parts and their functions.

// JACK:

00:17:59;26 , 00:18:02;25 ,It has a tuning capacitor

00:18:02;25 , 00:18:08;25 ,that selects the stations|if there was more than one in your area.

00:18:08;25 , 00:18:12;21 ,This is part of the tuned circuit;|this is the inductor portion of it.

00:18:12;21 , 00:18:15;07 ,It, and the capacitor that we just looked at

00:18:15;07 , 00:18:17;25 ,provide the frequency selection and

00:18:17;25 , 00:18:20;18 ,in addition, the tuned coil also has

00:18:20;18 , 00:18:22;18 ,what's called a tickler coil

00:18:22;18 , 00:18:27;09 ,that provides the feedback path|to give the sensitivity.

00:18:27;09 , 00:18:32;22 ,And of course the one tube|that makes all of it happen.

// ALLEN:

00:18:35;29 , 00:18:39;05 ,To peek inside|one of the more complicated units,

00:18:39;05 , 00:18:46;01 ,we first used an|aircraft engine inspection scope.

00:18:46;01 , 00:18:50;21 ,What we saw would be economically|impossible today.

00:18:50;21 , 00:18:55;07 ,Costly, labor-intensive point-to-point wiring.

00:18:55;07 , 00:19:01;05 ,Handcrafted, three-dimensional assembly.

00:19:01;05 , 00:19:07;14 ,In contrast, modern construction|is flat, automatic, and inexpensive.

00:19:07;14 , 00:19:13;13 ,More like printing a book|than making a model.

00:19:13;13 , 00:19:18;19 ,Retired chip engineer Johan Koning|extensively discussed these early techniques

00:19:18;19 , 00:19:21;19 ,with Jack.

00:19:21;19 , 00:19:25;29 ,It turned out we did not need the scope.

// JACK:

00:19:25;29 , 00:19:28;05 ,... a little battery the size of a small pack

00:19:28;05 , 00:19:30;17 ,of cigarettes and it had terminals|sticking out the end

00:19:30;17 , 00:19:35;29 ,that went into these connections|right here automatically.

00:19:35;29 , 00:19:38;21 ,Kind of shows you what kind|of a mechanic people had to be

00:19:38;21 , 00:19:41;29 ,to have a simple radio.

// JOHAN:

00:19:41;29 , 00:19:45;10 ,Because you have here, what, one,|two, three, four,

00:19:45;10 , 00:19:47;20 ,five terminals for batteries --

00:19:47;20 , 00:19:48;25 ,-- plus this one.

// JACK:

00:19:48;25 , 00:19:51;19 ,Because the detector|took a relatively low voltage,

00:19:51;19 , 00:19:53;20 ,and the first audio|took a little more voltage,

00:19:53;20 , 00:19:55;06 ,and the last audio even more.

// JOHAN:

00:19:55;06 , 00:19:57;29 ,Right.

// ALLEN:

00:20:01;00 , 00:20:07;10 ,The Radio Shop was said to|produce up to 150 units per day.

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00:20:10;28 , 00:20:16;09 ,At its peak, it employed about 125 workers.

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00:20:22;01 , 00:20:27;24 ,Sporting a lidded box, it cost $75 in 1921.

00:20:27;24 , 00:20:32;17 ,Tubes, batteries, and a speaker|added another $50.

00:20:32;17 , 00:20:39;02 ,Total in today's money: about $1400.

00:20:43;15 , 00:20:47;28 ,The set was quite sensitive|but developed a notorious reputation

00:20:47;28 , 00:20:51;28 ,for radiating interference.

00:20:56;16 , 00:21:00;29 ,Making the receivers alone|was not enough for the Junior Bessey.

00:21:00;29 , 00:21:03;10 ,Driven by hobby and ambition,

00:21:03;10 , 00:21:08;15 ,he ventured toward the other|end of the airwaves as well.

// JACK:

00:21:10;22 , 00:21:14;18 ,The Radio Shop had a broadcast station.

00:21:14;18 , 00:21:16;06 ,Its call letters that were assigned

00:21:16;06 , 00:21:18;26 ,when call letters were assigned eventually

00:21:18;26 , 00:21:20;27 ,was KJJ.

00:21:20;27 , 00:21:25;19 ,And it was in operation|from about 1921 to 1923.

00:21:25;19 , 00:21:28;26 ,It's likely it did not even have|a studio or a microphone.

00:21:28;26 , 00:21:32;21 ,It probably only played records.

// ALLEN:

00:21:46;16 , 00:21:47;15 ,The U.S. Government

00:21:47;15 , 00:21:56;13 ,licensed KJJ as the 23rd|broadcast station on December 20, 1921.

00:21:56;13 , 00:22:01;14 ,With 500 watts of power,|it was located at 360 meters,

00:22:01;14 , 00:22:07;28 ,or about 830 kHz, on the AM radio dial.

00:22:07;28 , 00:22:11;02 ,A newspaper called ^IRadio Digest Illustrated^I

00:22:11;02 , 00:22:17;18 ,listed schedules and|provided a forum for enthusiasts.

00:22:17;18 , 00:22:20;29 ,In the January 27, 1923 edition,

00:22:20;29 , 00:22:23;26 ,a Charles N. Schwab, of Grinnell, Iowa,

00:22:23;26 , 00:22:29;20 ,reported receiving KJJ|from over 1500 miles away.

00:22:41;01 , 00:22:46;21 ,Unfortunately, the Bessey|family's good times were short-lived.

00:22:46;21 , 00:22:53;01 ,Silicon Valley's future cut-throat|competition was about to be foreshadowed.

// CHAPTER = Radio Was Booming = 7 = 00:22:55;15

00:23:05;06 , 00:23:08;00 ,Radio was booming.

00:23:08;00 , 00:23:09;18 ,The government had just increased

00:23:09;18 , 00:23:15;13 ,the number of channels from two|to more than 100.

00:23:17;11 , 00:23:25;12 ,Picking out one station from all the|others became increasingly impossible.

00:23:25;12 , 00:23:32;08 ,Advertisements in the 1920s were|full of remedies that didn't really work.

00:23:32;08 , 00:23:36;05 ,And the more knobs the better.

00:23:38;05 , 00:23:43;04 ,An officer in the US Army Signal Corps,|Maj. Edwin Howard Armstrong,

00:23:43;04 , 00:23:48;09 ,found the solution used in|almost every single wireless device

00:23:48;09 , 00:23:51;19 ,to this day.

00:23:51;19 , 00:23:56;07 ,The new technology was called ^Isuperheterodyne^I.

00:23:56;07 , 00:24:00;01 ,It spelled the end|of radio's experimental period

00:24:00;01 , 00:24:04;28 ,and the end of The Radio Shop.

// JACK:

00:24:04;28 , 00:24:08;29 ,They never modernized|beyond the basic design.

00:24:08;29 , 00:24:12;09 ,Regenerative, and at best fancy cabinets

00:24:12;09 , 00:24:17;23 ,and maybe some amplifiers|that would drive a simple speaker.

// ALLEN:

00:24:17;23 , 00:24:22;12 ,Bessey had licensed earlier designs|from Armstrong simply by buying him a few

00:24:22;12 , 00:24:28;09 ,drinks at a Ham Radio|convention in Chicago.

00:24:28;09 , 00:24:32;03 ,Such days were now over.

00:24:34;28 , 00:24:38;17 ,One of the first things to go|was the radio station.

00:24:38;17 , 00:24:42;06 ,On June 16, 1923,|the Department of Commerce

00:24:42;06 , 00:24:47;00 ,deleted KJJ's license from its records.

00:24:50;23 , 00:24:54;19 ,And family tragedy struck as well.

// JACK:

00:24:57;04 , 00:24:59;25 ,Arthur Bessey's father

00:24:59;25 , 00:25:03;11 ,was ill at the this time,|toward the end of the Radio Shop era,

00:25:03;11 , 00:25:06;17 ,and I think Arthur Bessey himself

00:25:06;17 , 00:25:10;02 ,was going to have to help|run the chicken incubator business,

00:25:10;02 , 00:25:14;02 ,which lasted until 1930.

// ALLEN:

00:25:14;02 , 00:25:20;04 ,In a final effort, Bessey started|applying the ^IEchophone^I brand name.

00:25:20;04 , 00:25:25;06 ,The Echophone Company contracted|with a number of radio shops.

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00:25:25;06 , 00:25:33;11 ,It was based in Chicago in a|building that now houses this music store.

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00:25:34;26 , 00:25:38;03 ,Echophone later became ^IHallicrafters^I,

00:25:38;03 , 00:25:44;00 ,the classic maker of amateur|and military radio equipment.

00:25:47;11 , 00:25:53;12 ,But the Sunnyvale operation|would not make it past 1925.

00:26:00;07 , 00:26:06;26 ,We wanted to see if any evidence|of Bessey survives to this day.

00:26:06;26 , 00:26:11;12 ,Is anything left over from his enterprise?

00:26:11;12 , 00:26:16;17 ,Amazingly, many Radio Shop sets|remain in circulation.

00:26:16;17 , 00:26:23;14 ,We know this because we have seen|many units for sale by collectors on-line.

00:26:23;14 , 00:26:29;12 ,Antique as they are, they|still play today's broadcasts.

00:26:29;12 , 00:26:33;01 ,Unlike the computers|and operating systems of today,

00:26:33;01 , 00:26:39;15 ,that's compatibility spanning over 90 years.

// CHAPTER = What Makes It Work = 8 = 00:26:43;26

// JACK:

00:26:44;25 , 00:26:46;09 ,The thing that makes a radio work

00:26:46;09 , 00:26:51;20 ,goes way back to about 1900|and to some extent before that.

00:26:51;20 , 00:26:53;18 ,That technology is still used today;

00:26:53;18 , 00:26:58;23 ,it's just the method that it's used|that has become different over the years.

00:26:58;23 , 00:27:02;02 ,I, for example, have radios that will hide

00:27:02;02 , 00:27:03;17 ,in the palm of your hand.

00:27:03;17 , 00:27:05;21 ,But the way they work|is not very much different

00:27:05;21 , 00:27:07;24 ,than the way they did in 1920

00:27:07;24 , 00:27:10;28 ,when the Radio Shop|was being built and used.

// ALLEN:

00:27:42;02 , 00:27:47;10 ,We wanted to power up|and listen to an Echophone radio.

00:27:47;10 , 00:27:50;25 ,Would it still work?

00:27:55;00 , 00:28:01;14 ,We had to go outside|and put up a long, wire antenna.

00:28:08;28 , 00:28:15;11 ,Then we pounded a good|earth stake into the ground ...

// BEN:

00:28:15;11 , 00:28:18;19 ,OK, I put the antenna on outside ...

// ALLEN:

00:28:18;19 , 00:28:21;27 ,We provided the radio with|three separate power sources,

00:28:21;27 , 00:28:25;25 ,while listening through poor-sounding|and uncomfortable headphones.

// BEN:

00:28:25;25 , 00:28:28;28 ,Power it up now ...

// ALLEN:

00:28:44;23 , 00:28:54;17 ,Here is hardware nearly a century old,|playing today's transmissions.

00:28:54;17 , 00:29:02;28 ,Aside from the radio sets themselves,|rather little evidence remains.

00:29:02;28 , 00:29:09;17 ,This tool was used to create nameplates|on the units just prior to shipping.

00:29:09;17 , 00:29:14;00 ,Bessey's employees|wore badges such as this one.

00:29:14;00 , 00:29:16;28 ,It had a thumbprint|and signature on the back,

00:29:16;28 , 00:29:22;16 ,and similar tokens|were used to check out tools.

00:29:22;16 , 00:29:29;14 ,This badge belonged to Pete Zarko,|shown here in later years.

00:29:29;14 , 00:29:36;03 ,At 17 years old,|The Radio Shop was his first job.

00:29:36;03 , 00:29:39;14 ,Later, he would build|Liberty Ship engines for World War II

00:29:39;14 , 00:29:44;14 ,at Sunnyvale's Hendy Iron Works.

00:29:48;29 , 00:29:52;13 ,Pete was survived by his wife,|Ann Lopin Zarko,

00:29:52;13 , 00:29:58;10 ,who at age 96 remained|active in civic affairs.

// These following little sentences from Ann's interview were the
// "tail that wagged the dog": they are what led to my involvement
// with Jack and the creation of this video.

// ANN:

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00:29:58;10 , 00:30:01;27 ,My husband worked there|when he was about 17 years old.

00:30:01;27 , 00:30:04;17 ,He got a job there

00:30:04;17 , 00:30:09;08 ,and he worked there|until they closed in 1925.

00:30:09;08 , 00:30:12;10 ,Assembling these little radios.

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00:30:12;10 , 00:30:16;28 ,You know there's nothing really|written about them or anything.

00:30:16;28 , 00:30:20;06 ,People didn't have electricity even.

00:30:20;06 , 00:30:22;29 ,And it was run on a battery,

00:30:22;29 , 00:30:26;03 ,a great big battery of some kind.

// ALLEN:

00:30:35;24 , 00:30:42;02 ,On May 2nd, 1978, Pete Zarko|was interviewed by June Oxford.

00:30:42;02 , 00:30:46;19 ,This damaged tape contains|the only known recording of Mr. Zarko.

// RESTORED FROM POOR AUDIO FROM CASSETTE TAPE WITH NATURAL SUBTITLES

// JUNE:

00:30:46;19 , 00:30:48;07 ,^IWhat did you do?^I

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// PETE:

00:30:48;07 , 00:30:52;02 ,Well I worked at the machine shop|part of the time

00:30:52;02 , 00:30:55;28 ,and assembled different parts.

00:30:55;28 , 00:30:57;03 ,Some of them had a car battery.

00:30:57;03 , 00:30:58;09 ,Some of them had|what you called an

00:30:58;09 , 00:31:01;24 ,"A" battery,|"B" battery,|and "C" battery.

00:31:01;24 , 00:31:04;18 ,You had to charge them.

00:31:04;18 , 00:31:08;17 ,The larger ones|wouldn't charge nearly as far.

00:31:08;17 , 00:31:10;21 ,Quite a nuisance.

00:31:10;21 , 00:31:14;26 ,When electricity came out,|and you know the electric

00:31:14;26 , 00:31:18;02 ,radios came out, and he still

00:31:18;02 , 00:31:20;06 ,kept on making battery sets,|and they just

00:31:20;06 , 00:31:22;14 ,didn't want to change over, and --

// JUNE:

00:31:22;14 , 00:31:23;27 ,^IOh, do that was the reason they --^I

// PETE:

00:31:23;27 , 00:31:27;24 ,That was the reason they went under.

$VertAlign = bottom

// ALLEN:

00:31:29;15 , 00:31:33;13 ,The interview was part of|an ongoing oral history project.

00:31:33;13 , 00:31:39;21 ,It had already sparked a discussion|in the ^ISan Jose Mercury News^I.

00:31:39;21 , 00:31:43;18 ,One letter was from|another former Radio Shop employee.

00:31:43;18 , 00:31:48;18 ,And it adds a bit of mystery|to the firm's beginnings.

// CHAPTER = A San Jose Mystery = 9 = 00:31:38;14

// CRAIG:

// (VOICE CHARACTER TALENT JOSEPH D. CAPPA - natural text on screen - captions only for non-English)

00:31:50;15 , 00:31:54;18 ,In 1910, The Radio Shop|was on the north side

00:31:54;18 , 00:31:58;26 ,of San Fernando Street,|between 3rd and 4th Streets.

00:31:58;26 , 00:32:01;14 ,Later, it moved to Sunnyvale.

00:32:01;14 , 00:32:06;15 ,Lambert was the brains of the shop;|Bessey was the financier.

00:32:06;15 , 00:32:09;11 ,Frank Pratt was the shop foreman,

00:32:09;11 , 00:32:13;10 ,and a Mr. Brunero|was the chief tool and die maker.

00:32:13;10 , 00:32:16;24 ,I ran a turret lathe and punch press.

// ALLEN:

00:32:28;29 , 00:32:34;19 ,We know the San Jose address|was used to gain legitimacy.

00:32:34;19 , 00:32:41;17 ,But we cannot explain the year 1910.

00:32:41;17 , 00:32:47;00 ,It likely referred to|Bessey's early, hobbyist years.

00:32:50;13 , 00:32:59;19 ,Another oddity is that Bessey tried at one|time to disown his company altogether.

00:32:59;19 , 00:33:03;29 ,In his Pacific Division Manager role|with the American Radio Relay League,

00:33:03;29 , 00:33:07;29 ,he was only supposed to be an amateur.

00:33:10;14 , 00:33:14;08 ,Rather than step down,|he publicly denied any connection,

00:33:14;08 , 00:33:16;15 ,instead invoking his son, Ernest,

00:33:16;15 , 00:33:22;22 ,as being nothing more than an employee.

00:33:22;22 , 00:33:28;00 ,But plenty of oral and|written stories implicate Arthur.

00:33:28;00 , 00:33:35;14 ,One disputed source even says|that Ernest did not survive infancy.

00:33:35;14 , 00:33:40;15 ,We do know that|the Bessey grandson died young.

00:33:44;02 , 00:33:50;23 ,Within a few years,|the Jubilee firm would fail as well.

00:33:50;23 , 00:33:55;17 ,With untimely losses of father and son|and two failed businesses,

00:33:55;17 , 00:34:02;28 ,the depression must have been immense.

00:34:02;28 , 00:34:07;20 ,Arthur spent his last 14 months|at the Millbrae Serra Sanitarium,

00:34:07;20 , 00:34:10;20 ,just south of San Francisco.

00:34:13;00 , 00:34:20;29 ,We took a road trip|in search of his final home.

00:34:20;29 , 00:34:24;28 ,A list of historic hospitals tells|us the sanitarium was located where

00:34:24;28 , 00:34:29;06 ,this transit station is today.

00:34:29;06 , 00:34:35;04 ,A facility with almost the|same name still stands nearby.

00:34:38;06 , 00:34:42;00 ,The 74-year old businessman|likely took his final strolls

00:34:42;00 , 00:34:47;16 ,in this small park next door.

00:34:47;16 , 00:34:52;01 ,He died on Friday, September 11, 1953,

00:34:52;01 , 00:35:00;20 ,taking a small, but significant,|piece of Silicon Valley's origin with him.

00:35:15;28 , 00:35:20;03 ,No Bessey is alive today.

00:35:20;03 , 00:35:28;02 ,Bertha was the last of the clan.|She passed in 1976.

00:35:28;02 , 00:35:31;14 ,While the Bessey ancestors|remain buried in Canada,

00:35:31;14 , 00:35:34;05 ,the entire American part|of the family rests at the

00:35:34;05 , 00:35:41;18 ,Alta Mesa Memorial Park Cemetery|in Palo Alto, California.

00:35:41;18 , 00:35:43;23 ,Ada, the elder Bessey's wife,

00:35:43;23 , 00:35:55;00 ,bought a plot in 1925 for $200|to be maintained for all time.

00:35:55;00 , 00:35:59;28 ,Yet the graves remain completely unmarked.

00:35:59;28 , 00:36:06;09 ,No gravestone, no plaque, no memory.

// CHAPTER = Heart Of The Silicon Valley = 10 = 00:36:11;05

00:36:15;05 , 00:36:18;18 ,If Sunnyvale is truly the|"Heart of the Silicon Valley,"

00:36:18;18 , 00:36:25;05 ,why did it nearly lose one|of its earliest technology stories?

00:36:25;05 , 00:36:30;21 ,To understand this,|we have to go back to the Cold War.

00:36:40;09 , 00:36:44;09 ,The 1950s and 60s.

00:36:44;09 , 00:36:47;11 ,Military contracts promised a bright future,

00:36:47;11 , 00:36:51;17 ,and the city wished to expand at all costs.

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00:37:04;10 , 00:37:09;24 ,History was literally demolished,|as landmark after precious landmark

00:37:09;24 , 00:37:18;18 ,fell to short-sighted decisions|of questionable maturity.

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00:37:29;12 , 00:37:36;21 ,Most sadly, the historic Murphy House,|shown here in a rare color photograph.

00:37:36;21 , 00:37:44;21 ,The homestead of Martin Murphy Jr,|on whose land Sunnyvale is built.

00:37:44;21 , 00:37:48;17 ,Before San Jose, before Sacramento --

00:37:48;17 , 00:37:58;25 ,his Bay View Ranch was the absolute|center of California society and politics.

00:37:58;25 , 00:38:02;25 ,In 1953, the family sold|Bay View to the city,

00:38:02;25 , 00:38:06;21 ,having lived there for 6 generations.

00:38:06;21 , 00:38:11;19 ,The State of California|declared it a Historic Landmark.

00:38:11;19 , 00:38:17;29 ,But the structure was neglected for years.

00:38:17;29 , 00:38:24;17 ,A group of residents organized|to persuade the city council to save it.

00:38:24;17 , 00:38:27;06 ,But Sunnyvale, by now calling itself

00:38:27;06 , 00:38:32;08 ,the "City of Destiny," would not be stopped.

00:38:37;12 , 00:38:44;15 ,Daybreak.|Thursday, September 28, 1961.

00:38:44;15 , 00:38:50;02 ,A front loader rips into the Bay View Ranch.

00:38:57;27 , 00:39:05;07 ,California's most important home|had stood for more than 110 years.

00:39:05;07 , 00:39:10;18 ,Its remains were carted to|the city dump within three days.

// JACK:

00:39:13;06 , 00:39:16;09 ,It was in the way of the|Central Expressway I believe,

00:39:16;09 , 00:39:19;25 ,and it had not been maintained very well,

00:39:19;25 , 00:39:24;11 ,and then there was a fire|of which I know not why.

00:39:24;11 , 00:39:27;13 ,So ultimately it was bulldozed|down and that was the end.

// ANN:

00:39:27;13 , 00:39:29;08 ,Someone had set a fire in it,

00:39:29;08 , 00:39:31;16 ,and it was full of termites,

00:39:31;16 , 00:39:37;25 ,but Mr. Vargas -- Manual Vargas -- he said

00:39:37;25 , 00:39:39;28 ,termites were so strong,

00:39:39;28 , 00:39:42;03 ,they were holding|the house up or something.

00:39:42;03 , 00:39:45;23 ,He didn't think that the|termites were doing any harm.

00:39:45;23 , 00:39:48;08 ,But that's what they said at the time.

// CHIYO:

00:39:48;08 , 00:39:51;05 ,And Manual Vargas said he'd|stand in front of the bulldozer.

00:39:51;05 , 00:39:52;14 ,I don't know if he did or not,

00:39:52;14 , 00:39:54;22 ,but when it came to tear the house down

00:39:54;22 , 00:39:56;03 ,it was hard to tear it down.

00:39:56;03 , 00:39:58;28 ,It didn't come down that easy.

// ALLEN:

00:39:58;29 , 00:40:00;25 ,And that wasn't all.

00:40:00;25 , 00:40:06;06 ,Sunnyvale tore down its original City Hall.

00:40:06;06 , 00:40:08;08 ,Demolition actually had to wait

00:40:08;08 , 00:40:15;16 ,because the construction bonds|had yet to be paid off.

00:40:15;16 , 00:40:19;01 ,The Bank of Italy branch,|part of the town since its beginning,

00:40:19;01 , 00:40:24;07 ,almost certainly held Bessey's accounts.

00:40:24;07 , 00:40:29;17 ,It would become the Bank of America.

00:40:29;17 , 00:40:36;04 ,Later a nightclub,|it, too, met the bulldozer.

// CHAPTER = Building History = 11 = 00:40:39;07

00:40:41;06 , 00:40:43;12 ,The Jubilee Incubator building still stood

00:40:43;12 , 00:40:56;07 ,as late as 1980, being listed in|Sunnyvale's Historic Resource Inventory.

00:40:56;07 , 00:41:00;11 ,It is now an apartment complex.

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00:41:10;13 , 00:41:12;27 ,The Radio Shop building, which later also

00:41:12;27 , 00:41:18;00 ,served as a clearinghouse for|Filipino day laborers, stands no more.

00:41:25;04 , 00:41:34;11 ,These houses now mark the spot|where radios once were built.

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00:41:34;11 , 00:41:38;29 ,A 2nd family house, built by the|junior Bessey, does survive today

00:41:38;29 , 00:41:43;00 ,as an apartment multiplex.

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00:41:49;17 , 00:41:57;19 ,But the original|family residence is long gone.

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00:42:01;04 , 00:42:04;17 ,A report was commissioned|by the city in 2001

00:42:04;17 , 00:42:09;16 ,to see if these sites|should be historic landmarks.

00:42:09;16 , 00:42:11;17 ,The suggestion was denied,

00:42:11;17 , 00:42:22;06 ,but at least it was given|due consideration, with expert review.

00:42:22;06 , 00:42:26;22 ,In recent years,|the city has rediscovered its heritage

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00:42:26;22 , 00:42:34;00 ,with downtown attracting renewed interest.

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00:42:39;09 , 00:42:43;15 ,In May of 2000, the city broke|ground on the Orchard Heritage Park

00:42:43;15 , 00:42:46;16 ,Interpretive Exhibit, on 10 acres of land

00:42:46;16 , 00:42:51;15 ,that will forever remain an orchard.

00:42:55;09 , 00:42:59;25 ,And, as for the Murphy House ...

00:43:09;25 , 00:43:13;18 ,In 2006, fundraising efforts|reached critical mass

00:43:13;18 , 00:43:19;15 ,for the construction of a museum|with a Bay View Ranch exterior.

00:43:19;15 , 00:43:25;17 ,And a period interior --

00:43:25;17 , 00:43:33;20 ,-- with exhibits, including|a permanent homage to Arthur E. Bessey.

00:43:42;06 , 00:43:53;02 ,Sunnyvale has taken great|steps forward in restoring its soul.

00:43:53;02 , 00:44:03;12 ,Still, the pace of life in the Valley|often leaves little time for reflection.

// CHAPTER = Jack's Wish = 12 = 00:44:44;09

// JACK:

00:44:03;13 , 00:44:05;12 ,I'd like to blame it on the fact that

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00:44:05;12 , 00:44:09;07 ,everyone in Silicon Valley is on a dead run.

00:44:09;07 , 00:44:11;22 ,And they're young people,

00:44:11;22 , 00:44:15;14 ,that probably just don't have|time to be interested yet.

00:44:15;14 , 00:44:17;29 ,And someday they'll slow down|a little or they'll retire

00:44:17;29 , 00:44:19;18 ,and they'll discover that

00:44:19;18 , 00:44:24;17 ,everything they were involved in|has not been documented.

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00:44:24;17 , 00:44:30;22 ,Because history is never important|until it's too late.

// ALLEN:

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00:44:48;29 , 00:44:59;13 ,At many City functions, Jack could|be found telling the Bessey family story.

// JACK:

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00:44:59;13 , 00:45:03;22 ,Particularly young people seem to be|interested in why a radio had to be that big

00:45:03;22 , 00:45:09;20 ,versus their little Walkmans and|MP3s and such that they have today.

00:45:09;20 , 00:45:13;26 ,And that's, I think, what|makes my project interesting.

00:45:13;26 , 00:45:16;22 ,It shows people that things are different,

00:45:16;22 , 00:45:23;02 ,and gives them some insight|in to why they're different.

// ALLEN:

00:45:47;23 , 00:45:53;28 ,Maybe this story is not remembered|because it's not flashy.

00:45:53;28 , 00:45:57;15 ,A failed business, a lost family,

00:45:57;15 , 00:45:59;11 ,a last-place finish

00:45:59;11 , 00:46:04;06 ,in one gold rush among so many.

00:46:04;06 , 00:46:06;17 ,Yet, it's so important.

00:46:06;17 , 00:46:10;15 ,Because real history|is found in the ordinary.

00:46:10;15 , 00:46:17;09 ,And stories like this|would soon be repeated countless times.

// BEN:

00:46:22;12 , 00:46:26;05 ,There's the Central Expressway|we're flying over right now --

00:46:26;05 , 00:46:34;01 ,-- the old Radio Shop site|we're flying over right now.

// JACK:

00:46:34;01 , 00:46:38;08 ,Sunnyvale was almost|the beginning of Silicon Valley.

00:46:38;08 , 00:46:41;27 ,San Jose takes a lot of credit,|and rightly so,

00:46:41;27 , 00:46:45;02 ,but Sunnyvale was probably earlier on.

00:46:45;02 , 00:46:49;07 ,The Radio Shop was not Silicon Valley,|but it was, as I've called it,

00:46:49;07 , 00:46:53;23 ,an "Echo of the Future".

// ALLEN:

00:46:53;23 , 00:47:00;18 ,Jack Rowe's wish is for the Bessey|story to be preserved publicly.

00:47:00;18 , 00:47:04;05 ,Not only for engineers,

00:47:04;05 , 00:47:14;29 ,but made part of the scenery,|ready to be discovered by future explorers.

00:47:14;29 , 00:47:22;02 ,Today, Jack Rowe's wish is being fulfilled.

00:47:22;02 , 00:47:25;23 ,The gravesite|may remain unmarked for now,

00:47:25;23 , 00:47:32;00 ,but The Radio Shop will never be forgotten.

00:47:34;05 , 00:47:39;15 ,How wonderful it would be, to discover|other little gems of local history.

00:47:39;15 , 00:47:42;00 ,Just like this Tale ...

00:47:42;00 , 00:47:45;03 ,... of Sunnyvale.

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